Mapping Welfare: Location Determining Techniques and Their Potential for Managing Cattle Welfare—A Review

Several studies have suggested that precision livestock farming (PLF) is a useful tool for animal welfare management and assessment. Location, posture movement of an individual are key elements in identifying the recording its behaviour. Currently, multiple technologies available automated monitoring location animals, ranging from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to ultra-wideband (UWB), RFID, wireless sensor networks (WSN) even computer vision. These techniques developments all yield potential manage assess welfare, but also their constraints, such as range accuracy. Combining sensors accelerometers with any determining technique into fusion system can give more detailed information on cow, achieving reliable accurate indication welfare. We conclude systems promising approach especially when applied conjunction additional sensors, research focused use technology needed.